The Editor’s Manual
Free learning resource on English grammar, punctuation, usage, and style.
Commas and periods always go inside quotes in US style. In UK style, they go inside only if they apply to the quoted text. In all styles, question marks and exclamation points go inside only if they apply to the quoted text.
A question mark or exclamation point goes inside quotes when it is meant to punctuate the quoted text, but outside if it applies to the larger sentence.
Periods always go inside quotation marks in American usage. In British usage, a period (or full stop) goes inside only if the quotation is a complete sentence.
Commas always go inside quotation marks in American style. In British style, commas go inside or outside depending on whether they punctuate the text within quotes or the surrounding sentence.
Scare quotes indicate that a word or a phrase is being used in some nonstandard way or to indicate irony or disdain.
Use single inside double quotation marks to show a quote within a quote in US style. In British style, use double inside single quotes.
US style is double quotes with single quotes reserved for quotes within quotes. British is single quotes with double quotes used for quotes within quotes. Commas and periods always go inside quotation marks in US style but not in British.
Use just one period, not two, after an abbreviation like “etc.” even when it appears in quotes at the end of a sentence. Don’t add another period after the closing quotation mark.
When an abbreviation like “etc.” appears in parentheses, place another period after the closing parenthesis to end the larger sentence. But if the entire sentence is enclosed in parentheses, use just one period, not two.
The abbreviations “UK” and “UN” are generally written without periods except in certain styles. The abbreviation “EU” is always written without internal periods.