The Editor’s Manual
Free learning resource on English grammar, punctuation, usage, and style.
Enclose speech in quotation marks. Use a comma to separate quoted speech from the speaker, but don’t use a comma after a question mark or exclamation point. Use a new line for each speaker in a conversation.
Commas and periods always go inside quotes in US style. In UK style, they go inside only if they apply to the quoted text. In all styles, question marks and exclamation points go inside only if they apply to the quoted text.
A question mark or exclamation point goes inside quotes when it is meant to punctuate the quoted text, but outside if it applies to the larger sentence.
Periods always go inside quotation marks in American usage. In British usage, a period (or full stop) goes inside only if the quotation is a complete sentence.
Commas always go inside quotation marks in American style. In British style, commas go inside or outside depending on whether they punctuate the text within quotes or the surrounding sentence.
US style is double quotes with single quotes reserved for quotes within quotes. British is single quotes with double quotes used for quotes within quotes. Commas and periods always go inside quotation marks in US style but not in British.
Double quotes enclose text in US style, with single quotes used only for quotes within quotes. Single quotes are the default in British style, with double quotes reserved for quotes within quotes.
Place quotation marks around direct speech or a quotation. Quotes may also enclose a word or a phrase used ironically or as itself. Quotation marks set off titles of shorter works (like a chapter, article, or poem).